Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act


Zimbabwe

Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act

Chapter 7:03

  • Published in Government Gazette
  • Commenced on 8 December 1995
  • [This is the version of this document at 31 December 2016 and includes any amendments published up to 31 December 2017.]
  • [Note: This version of the Act was revised and consolidated by the Law Development Commission of Zimbabwe]
AN ACT to provide for the implementation in Zimbabwe of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, opened for signature at Washington on the 18th March, 1965, and ratified by Zimbabwe on the 20th May, 1994; and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act [Chapter 7:03].

2. Interpretation

In this Act—award” includes—(a)an award rendered pursuant to the Convention; and(b)any decision pursuant to the Convention interpreting, revising or annulling an award referred to in paragraph (a); and(c)any decision as to costs which under the Convention is to form part of an award referred to in paragraph (a);Centre” means the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes established by Article 1 of the Convention;Contracting State” means a State or territory—(a)which has ratified or acceded to the Convention; or(b)to which the Convention applies by virtue of Article 70 thereof;Convention” means the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, the text of which is set out in the Schedule and which—(a)was opened for signature at Washington on the 18th March, 1965;(b)was ratified by Zimbabwe on the 20th May, 1994; and(c)entered into force for Zimbabwe on the 19th June, 1994;Minister” means the Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs or any other Minister to whom the President may, from time to time, assign the administration of this Act;registered”, in relation to an award, means registered under section four;Tribunal” means an Arbitral Tribunal referred to in paragraph (1) of Article 37 of the Convention.

3. Notification of States

The Minister may by statutory instrument give notification that a State or territory is a Contracting State for the purposes of this Act.

4. Registration of awards

(1)Subject to this section and any rules of court, the High Court shall register an award on the application of any person who seeks the recognition and enforcement of the award.
(2)A person applying for the registration of an award under subsection (1) shall file with his application a copy of the award concerned, certified by the Secretary-General of the Centre.
(3)An award may be registered for the reasonable costs of and incidental to registration, including the cost of obtaining a certified copy of the award, in addition to any other amount payable under the award.
(4)If at the date of the application for registration the award has been partly satisfied, the award may be registered in respect of the balance remaining at that date.

5. Effect of registration

(1)Subject to subsection (2)—
(a)a registered award shall be of the same effect for the purposes of execution; and
(b)proceedings may be taken on a registered award; and
(c)the sum for which an award is registered shall bear interest; and
(d)the High Court shall have the same control over the execution of a registered award;
as if the registered award were a judgment of the High Court.
(2)A registered award shall have the same effect as a final judgment of the High Court in barring further proceedings between the parties to the award in relation to the issues determined by the Tribunal in the award.

6. Awards not judicially enforceable unless registered

No court shall entertain any proceedings for—
(a)the recovery of any amount payable under an award; or
(b)the enforcement of any obligation imposed by an award;
unless the award is registered.

7. Stay of court proceedings where matter within jurisdiction of Centre

If any proceedings are instituted in any court in regard to any matter which, under the Convention, is required to be submitted to the Centre for conciliation or arbitration, any party to the proceedings may apply to the court to stay the proceedings, and the court, unless satisfied that the matter is not required to be submitted to the Centre under the Convention, shall make an order staying the proceedings.

8. Privilege of statements, reports, etc., made in conciliation proceedings

Notwithstanding any other law, no party to any conciliation proceedings under Chapter III of the Convention shall be entitled, in subsequent proceedings before any court, arbitrator or tribunal, to adduce evidence of—
(a)any offer, admission or statement made in the course of those conciliation proceedings by or on behalf of any other party to the conciliation proceedings; or
(b)any report prepared or recommendation made by the Conciliation Commission for the purpose of those conciliation proceedings;
unless the other party to the conciliation proceedings has agreed to the adduction of that evidence.

9. Status, immunities and privileges conferred by Convention

(1)Articles 18 to 24 of the Convention, governing the status, immunities and privileges of the Centre and of members of its Council and Secretariat and of persons concerned with conciliation or arbitration under the Convention, shall have the force of law in Zimbabwe.
(2)Notwithstanding subsection (1), nothing contained in paragraph (1) of Article 24 of the Convention shall be construed as—
(a)entitling the Centre or its personnel to import goods free of customs duty without any restriction on their subsequent sale in Zimbabwe; or
(b)conferring on the Centre or its personnel any exemption from duties or taxes which form part of the price of goods sold; or
(c)conferring on the Centre or its personnel any exemption from duties or taxes which are no more than charges for services rendered.
(3)For the purposes of Articles 20 and 21 of the Convention, a statement to the effect that the Centre has waived an immunity in the circumstances specified in the statement, being a statement certified by the Secretary-General of the Centre or by a person acting as Secretary-General, shall be conclusive evidence of such waiver.

10. Act to bind State

(1)This Act shall bind the State but not so as to make an award enforceable in a manner in which a judgment is otherwise not enforceable against the State.
(2)For the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained in this Act or in the Convention shall be construed as derogating from the law in force in Zimbabwe relating to the immunity of the State or of any foreign State from execution.

11. Government contribution to expenses under Convention

Any obligations of the Government of Zimbabwe arising under Article 17 of the Convention, which obliges Contracting States to meet any deficit of the Centre, shall be met from moneys appropriated for the purpose by Act of Parliament.

Schedule (Section 2)

Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States

Preamble

The Contracting States—Considering the need for international co-operation for economic development, and the role of private international investment therein;Bearing in mind the possibility that from time to time disputes may arise in connection with such investment between Contracting States;Recognizing that while such disputes would usually be subject to national legal process, international methods of settlement may be appropriate in certain cases;Attaching particular importance to the availability of facilities for international conciliation or arbitration to which Contracting States and nationals of other Contracting States may submit disputes if they so desire;Desiring to establish such facilities under the auspices of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development;Recognizing that mutual consent by the parties to submit such disputes to conciliation or to arbitration through such facilities constitutes a binding agreement which requires in particular that due consideration be given to any recommendation of conciliators, and that any arbitral award be complied with; andDeclaring that no Contracting State shall by the mere fact of its ratification, acceptance or approval of this Convention and without its consent be deemed to be under any obligation to submit any particular dispute to conciliation or arbitration.Have agreed as follows:

Chapter I
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

Section I - Establishment and organization

Article 1 – Establishment of Centre

(1)There is hereby established the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (hereinafter called the Centre).
(2)The purpose of the Centre shall be to provide facilities for conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes between Contracting States and nationals of other Contracting States in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.

Article 2 – Seat of Centre

The seat of the Centre shall be at the principal office of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (hereinafter called the Bank). The seat may be moved to another place by decision of the Administrative Council adopted by a majority of two-thirds of its members.

Article 3 – Duties of Centre

The Centre shall have an Administrative Council and a Secretariat and shall maintain a Panel of Conciliators and a panel of Arbitrators.

Section 2 - The Administrative Council

Article 4 – Constitution of Administrative Council

(1)The Administrative Council shall be composed of one representative of each Contracting State. An alternate may act as representative in case of his principal’s absence from a meeting or inability to act.
(2)In the absence of a contrary designation, each governor and alternate governor of the Bank appointed by a Contracting State shall be ex officio its representative and its alternate respectively.

Article 5 – Constitution of Administrative Council

The President of the Bank shall be ex officio Chairman of the Administrative Council (hereinafter called the Chairman) but shall have no vote. During his absence or inability to act and during any vacancy in the office of President of the Bank, the person for the time being acting as President shall act as Chairman of the Administrative Council.

Article 6 – Functions of Administrative Council

(1)Without prejudice to the powers and functions vested in it by other provisions of the Convention, the Administrative Council shall—
(a)adopt the administrative and financial regulations of the Centre;
(b)adopt the rules of procedure for the institution of conciliation and arbitration proceedings;
(c)adopt the rules of procedure for conciliation and arbitration proceedings (hereinafter called the Conciliation Rules and the Arbitration Rules);
(d)approve arrangements with the Bank for the use of the Bank’s administrative facilities and services;
(e)determine the conditions of service of the Secretary-General and of any Deputy Secretary-General;
(f)adopt the annual budget of revenues and expenditures of the Centre;
(g)approve the annual report on the operation of the Centre.
The decisions referred to in subparagraphs (a), (b), (c) and (f) above shall be adopted by a majority of two-thirds of the members of the Administrative Council.
(2)The Administrative Council may appoint such committees as it considers necessary.
(3)The Administrative Council shall also exercise such powers and perform such other functions as it shall determine to be necessary for the implementation of the provisions of this Convention.

Article 7 – Meetings of Administrative Council

(1)The Administrative Council shall hold an annual meeting and such other meetings as may be determined by the Council, or convened by the Chairman, or convened by the Secretary-General at the request of not less than five members of the Council.
(2)Each member of the Administrative Council shall have one vote and, except as otherwise herein provided, all matters before the Council shall be decided by a majority of the votes cast.
(3)The quorum for any meeting of the Administrative Council shall be a majority of its members.
(4)The Administrative Council may establish, by a majority of two-thirds of its members, a procedure whereby the chairman may seek a vote of the Council without convening a meeting of the Council. The vote shall be considered valid only if the majority of the members of the Council cast their votes within the time limit fixed by the said procedure.

Article 8 – Members of Administrative Council not to be remunerated

Members of the Administrative Council and the Chairman shall serve without remuneration from the Centre.

Section 3 - The Secretariat

Article 9 – Composition of Secretariat

The Secretariat shall consist of a Secretary-General, one or more Deputy Secretaries-General and staff.

Article 10 – Appointment and conditions of office of Secretary-General and Deputy Secretaries-General

(1)The Secretary-General and any Deputy Secretary-General shall be elected by the Administrative Council by a majority of two-thirds of its members upon the nomination of the Chairman for a term of service not exceeding six years and shall be eligible for re-election. After consulting the members of the Administrative Council, the Chairman shall propose one or more candidates for each such office.
(2)The offices of Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General shall be incompatible with the exercise of any political function. Neither the Secretary-General nor any Deputy Secretary-General may hold any other employment or engage in any other occupation except with the approval of the Administrative Council.
(3)During the Secretary-General’s absence or inability to act, and during any vacancy of the office of Secretary-General, the Deputy Secretary-General shall act as Secretary-General. If there shall be more than one Deputy Secretary-General, the Administrative Council shall determine in advance the order in which they shall act as Secretary-General.

Article 11 – Functions of Secretary-General

The Secretary-General shall be the legal representative and the principal officer of the Centre and shall be responsible for its administration, including the appointment of staff, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and the rules adopted by the Administrative Council. He shall perform the function of registrar and shall have the power to authenticate arbitral awards rendered pursuant to this Convention, and to certify copies thereof.

Section 4 - The Panels

Article 12 – Constitution of Panel of Conciliators and Panel of Arbitrators

The Panel of Conciliators and the Panel of Arbitrators shall each consist of qualified persons, designated as hereinafter provided, who are willing to serve thereon.

Article 13 – Right to designate members of Panels

(1)Each Contracting State may designate to each Panel four persons who may but need not be its nationals.
(2)The chairman may designate ten persons to each Panel. The persons designated to a Panel shall each have a different nationality.

Article 14 – Qualifications for membership of Panels

(1)Persons designated to serve on the Panels shall be persons of high moral character and recognized competence in the fields of law, commerce, industry or finance, who may be relied upon to exercise independent judgment. Competence in the field of law shall be of particular importance in the case of persons on the Panel of Arbitrators.
(2)The Chairman, in designating persons to serve on the Panels, shall in addition pay due regard to the importance of assuring representation on the Panels of the principal legal systems of the world and of the main forms of economic activity.

Article 15 – Terms of office of members of Panels

(1)Panel members shall serve for renewable periods of six years.
(2)In case of death or resignation of a member of a Panel, the authority which designated the member shall have the right to designate another person to serve for the remainder of that member’s term.
(3)Panel members shall continue in office until their successors have been designated.

Article 16 – General provisions re designation of members of Panels

(1)A person may serve on both Panels.
(2)If a person shall have been designated to serve on the same Panel by more than one Contracting State, or by one or more Contracting States and the Chairman, he shall be deemed to have been designated by the authority which first designated him or, if one such authority is the State of which he is a national, by that State.
(3)All designations shall be notified to the Secretary-General and shall take effect from the date on which the notification is received.

Section 5 - Financing the Centre

Article 17 – Contributions towards expenses of Centre

If the expenditure of the Centre cannot be met out of charges for the use of its facilities, or out of other receipts, the excess shall be borne by Contracting States which are members of the Bank in proportion to their respective subscriptions to the capital stock of the Banli, and by Contracting States which are not members of the Bank in accordance with rules adopted by the Administrative Council.

Section 6 - Status, immunities and privileges

Article 18 – Legal personality of Centre

The Centre shall have full international legal personality. The legal capacity of the Centre shall include the capacity—
(a)to contract;
(b)to acquire and dispose of movable and immovable property;
(c)to institute legal proceedings.

Article 19 – Centre to enjoy certain immunities and privileges

To enable the Centre to fulfil its functions, it shall enjoy in the territories of each Contracting State the immunities and privileges set forth in this Section.

Article 20 – Immunity from legal process

The Centre, its property and assets shall enjoy immunity from all legal process, except when the Centre waives this immunity.

Article 21 – Immunities of personnel of Centre

The Chairman, the members of the Administrative Council, persons acting as conciliators or arbitrators or members of a Committee appointed pursuant to paragraph (3) of Article 52, and the officers and employees of the Secretariat—
(a)shall enjoy immunity from legal process with respect to acts performed by them in the exercise of their functions, except when the Centre waives this immunity;
(b)not being local nationals, shall enjoy the same immunities from immigration restrictions, alien registration requirements and national service obligations, the same facilities as regards exchange restrictions and the same treatment in respect of travelling facilities as are accorded by Contracting States to the representatives, officials and employees of comparable rank of other Contracting States.

Article 22 – Immunities of parties, agents, counsel, witnesses and experts

The provisions of Article 21 shall apply to persons appearing in proceedings under this Convention as parties, agents, counsel, advocates, witnesses or experts; provided, however, that subparagraph (b) thereof shall apply only in connection with their travel to and from, and their stay at, the place where the proceedings are held.

Article 23 – Protection of archives and communications of Centre

(1)The archives of the Centre shall be inviolable, wherever they may be.
(2)With regard to its official communications, the Centre shall be accorded by each Contracting State treatment not less favourable than that accorded to other international organizations.

Article 24 – Exemption from taxation and customs duties

(1)The Centre, its assets, property and income, and its operations and transactions authorized by this Convention shall be exempt from all taxation and customs duties. The Centre shall also be exempt from liability for the collection or payment of any taxes or customs duties.
(2)Except in the case of local nationals, no tax shall be levied on or in respect of expense allowances paid by the Centre to the Chairman or members of the Administrative Council, or on or in respect of salaries, expense allowances or other emoluments paid by the Centre to officials or employees of the Secretariat.
(3)No tax shall be levied on or in respect of fees or expense allowances received by persons acting as conciliator, or arbitrators, or members of a Committee appointed pursuant to paragraph (3) of Article 52, in proceedings under this Convention, if the sole jurisdictional basis for such tax is the location of the Centre or the place where such proceedings are conducted or the place where such fees or allowances are paid.

Chapter II
Jurisdiction of the Centre

Article 25 – Disputes over which Centre has jurisdiction

(1)The jurisdiction of the Centre shall extend to any legal dispute arising directly out of an investment, between a Contracting State (or any constituent subdivision or agency of a Contracting State designated to the Centre by the State) and a national of another Contracting State, which the parties to the dispute consent in writing to submit to the Centre. When the parties have given their consent, no party may withdraw its consent unilaterally.
(2)“National of another Contracting State” means:
(a)any natural person who had the nationality of a Contracting State other than the State party to the dispute on the date on which the parties consented to submit such dispute to conciliation or arbitration as well as on the date on which the request was registered pursuant to paragraph (3) of Article 28 or paragraph (3) of Article 36, but does not include any person who on either date also had the nationality of the Contracting State party to the dispute; and
(b)any juridical person which had the nationality of a Contracting State other than the State party to the dispute on the date on which the parties consented to submit such dispute to conciliation or arbitration and any juridical person which had the nationality of the Contracting State party to the dispute on that date and which, because of foreign control, the parties have agreed should be treated as a national of another Contracting State for the purposes of this Convention.
(3)Consent by a constituent subdivision or agency of a Contracting State shall require the approval of that State unless that State notifies the Centre that no such approval is required.
(4)Any Contracting State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance or approval of this Convention or at any time thereafter, notify the Centre of the class or classes of disputes which it would or would not consider submitting to the jurisdiction of the Centre. The Secretary-General shall forthwith transmit such notification to all Contracting States. Such notification shall not constitute the consent required by paragraph (1).

Article 26 – Effect of consent to arbitration

Consent of the parties to arbitration under this Convention shall, unless otherwise stated, be deemed consent to such arbitration to the exclusion of any other remedy. A Contracting State may require the exhaustion of local administrative or judicial remedies as a condition of its consent to arbitration under this Convention.

Article 27 – Exclusion of diplomatic protection in respect of disputes submitted to Centre

(1)No Contracting State shall give diplomatic protection, or bring an international claim, in respect of a dispute which one of its nationals and another Contracting State shall have consented to submit or shall have submitted to arbitration under this Convention, unless such other Contracting State shall have failed to abide by and comply with the award rendered in such dispute.
(2)Diplomatic protection, for the purposes of paragraph (1), shall not include informal diplomatic exchanges for the sole purpose of facilitating a settlement of the dispute.

Chapter III
Conciliation

Section 1 - Request for conciliation

Article 28 – Request for conciliation

(1)Any Contracting State or any national of a Contracting State wishing to institute conciliation proceedings shall address a request to that effect in writing to the Secretary-General who shall send a copy of the request to the other party.
(2)The request shall contain information concerning the issues in dispute, the identity of the parties and their consent to conciliation in accordance with the rules of procedure for the institution of conciliation and arbitration proceedings.
(3)The Secretary-General shall register the request unless be finds, on the basis of the information contained in the request, that the dispute is manifestly outside the jurisdiction of the Centre. He shall forthwith notify the parties of registration or refusal to register.

Section 2 - Constitution of the Conciliation Commission

Article 29 – Appointment of conciliators by parties

(1)The Conciliation Commission (hereinafter called the Commission) shall be constituted as soon as possible after registration of a request pursuant to Article 28.
(2)
(a)The Commission shall consist of a sole conciliator or any uneven number of conciliators appointed as the parties shall agree.
(b)Where the parties do not agree upon the number of conciliators and the method of their appointment, the Commission shall consist of three conciliators, one conciliator appointed by each party and the third, who shall be the president of the Commission, appointed by agreement of the parties.

Article 30 – Appointment of conciliators by Chairman

If the Commission shall not have been constituted within 90 days after notice of registration of the request has been dispatched by the Secretary-General in accordance with paragraph (3) of Article 28, or such other period as the parties may agree, the Chairman shall, at the request of either party and after consulting both parties as far as possible, appoint the conciliator or conciliators not yet appointed.

Article 31 – Appointment of conciliators from outside Panel of Conciliators

(1)Conciliators may be appointed from outside the Panel of Conciliators, except in the case of appointments by the Chairman pursuant to Article 30.
(2)Conciliators appointed from outside the Panel of Conciliators shall possess the qualities stated in paragraph (1) of Article 14.

Section 3 - Conciliation proceedings

Article 32 – Competence of Commission

(1)The Commission shall be the judge of its own competence.
(2)Any objection by a party to the dispute that that dispute is not within the jurisdiction of the Centre, or for other reasons is not within the competence of the Commission, shall be considered by the Commission which shall determine whether to deal with it as a preliminary question or to join it to the merits of the dispute.

Article 33 – Procedure to be followed in conciliation proceedings

Any conciliation proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this section and, except as the parties otherwise agree, in accordance with the Conciliation Rules in effect on the date on which parties consented to conciliation. If any question of procedure arises which is not covered by this action or the Conciliation Rules or any rules agreed by the parties, the Commission shall decide the question.

Article 34 – Conduct of conciliation proceedings and report of Commission

(1)It shall be the duty of the Commission to clarify the issues in dispute between the parties and to endeavour to bring about agreement between them upon mutually acceptable terms. To that end, the Commission may at any stage of the proceedings and from time to time recommend terms of settlement to the parties. The parties shall co-operate in good faith with the Commission in order to enable the Commission to carry out its functions, and shall give their most serious consideration to its recommendations.
(2)If the parties reach agreement, the Commission shall draw up a report noting the issues in dispute and recording that the parties have reached agreement. If, at any stage of the proceedings, it appears to the Commission that there is no likelihood of agreement between the parties, it shall close the proceedings and shall draw up a report noting the submission of the dispute and recording the failure of the parties to reach agreement. If one party fails to appear to participate in the proceedings, the Commission shall close the proceedings and shall draw up a report noting that party’s failure to appear or participate.

Article 35 – Admissions, etc., made in conciliation proceedings not to be evidence in other proceedings

Except as the parties to the dispute shall otherwise agree, neither party to a conciliation proceeding shall be entitled in any other proceeding, whether before arbitrators or in a court of law or otherwise, to invoke or rely on any views expressed or statements or admissions or offers of settlement made by the other party in the conciliation proceedings, or the report or any recommendations made by the Commission.

Chapter IV
Arbitration

Section 1 - Request for arbitration

Article 36 – Request for arbitration

(1)Any Contracting State or any national of a Contracting State wishing to institute arbitration proceedings shall address a request to that effect in writing to the Secretary-General who shall send a copy of the request to the other party.
(2)The request shall contain information concerning the issues in dispute, the identity of the parties and their consent to arbitration in accordance with the rules of procedure for the institution of conciliation and arbitration proceedings.
(3)The Secretary-General shall register the request unless he finds, on the basis of the information contained in the request, that the dispute is manifestly outside the jurisdiction of the Centre. He shall forthwith notify the parties of registration or refusal to register.

Section 2 - Constitution of the Tribunal

Article 37 – Appointment of arbitrators by parties

(1)The Arbitral Tribunal (hereinafter called the Tribunal) shall be constituted as soon as possible after registration of a request pursuant to Article 36.
(2)
(a)The Tribunal shall consist of a sole arbitrator or any uneven number of arbitrators appointed as the parties shall agree.
(b)Where the parties do not agree upon the number of arbitrators and the method of their appointment, the Tribunal shall consist of three arbitrators, one arbitrator appointed by each party and the third, who shall be the president of the Tribunal, appointed by agreement of the parties.

Article 38 – Appointment of arbitrators by Chairman

If the Tribunal shall not have been constituted within 90 days after notice of registration of the request has been dispatched by the Secretary-General in accordance with paragraph (3) of Article 36, or such other period as the parties may agree, the Chairman shall, at the request of either party and after consulting both parties as far as possible, appoint the arbitrator not yet appointed. Arbitrators appointed by the Chairman pursuant to this Article shall not be nationals of the Contracting State party to the dispute or of the Contracting State whose national is a party to the dispute.

Article 39 – Nationality of arbitrators

The majority of the arbitrators shall be nationals of States other than the Contracting State party to the dispute and the Contracting State whose national is a party to the dispute; provided, however, that the foregoing provisions of this Article shall not apply if the sole arbitrator or each individual member of the Tribunal has been appointed by agreement of the parties.

Article 40 – Appointment of arbitrators from outside Panel of Arbitrators

(1)Arbitrators may be appointed from outside the Panel of Arbitrators, except in the case of appointments by the Chairman pursuant to Article 38.
(2)Arbitrators appointed from outside the Panel of Arbitrators shall possess the qualities stated in Paragraph (1) of Article 14.

Section 3 - Powers and functions of the Tribunal

Article 41 – Competence of Tribunal

(1)The Tribunal shall be the judge of its own competence.
(2)Any objection by a party to the dispute that that dispute is not within the jurisdiction of the Centre, or for other reasons is not within the competence of the Tribunal, shall be considered by the Tribunal which shall determine whether to deal with it as a preliminary question or to join it to the merits of the dispute.

Article 42 – Law to be applied by Tribunal

(1)The Tribunal shall decide a dispute in accordance with such rules of law as may be agreed by the parties. In the absence of such agreement, the Tribunal shall apply the law of the Contracting State party to the dispute (including its rules on the conflict of laws) and such rules of international law as may be applicable.
(2)The Tribunal may not bring in a finding of non liquet on the ground of silence or obscurity of the law.
(3)The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not prejudice the power of the Tribunal to decide a dispute ex aequo et bono if the parties so agree.

Article 43 – Power of Tribunal to call for evidence and conduct inquiries

Except as the parties otherwise agree, the Tribunal may, if it deems it necessary at any stage of the proceedings—
(a)call upon the parties to produce documents or other evidence;
(b)visit the scene connected with the dispute, and conduct such inquiries there as it may deem appropriate.

Article 44 – Procedure to be followed in arbitration proceedings

Any arbitration proceeding shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this section and, except as the parties otherwise agree, in accordance with the Arbitration Rules in effect on the date on which the parties consented to arbitration. If any question of procedure arises which is not covered by this section or the Arbitration Rules or any rules agreed by the parties, the Tribunal shall decide the question.

Article 45 – Failure by party to appear or present case

(1)Failure of a party to appear or to present his case shall not be deemed an admission of the other party’s assertions.
(2)If a party fails to appear or to present his case at any stage of the proceedings the other party may request the Tribunal to deal with the questions submitted to it and to render an award. Before rendering an award, the Tribunal shall notify, and grant a period of grace to, the party failing to appear or to present its case unless it is satisfied that that party does not intend to do so.

Article 46 – Power of Tribunal to determine incidental or additional claims and counter-claims

Except as the parties otherwise agree, the Tribunal shall, if requested by a party, determine any incidental or additional claims or counter-claims arising directly out of the subject-matter of the dispute provided that they are within the scope of the consent of the parties and are otherwise within the jurisdiction of the Centre.

Article 47 – Power of Tribunal to recommend interim measures

Except as the parties otherwise agree, the Tribunal may, if it considers that the circumstances so require, recommend any provisional measures which should be taken to preserve the respective rights of either party.

Section 4 - The award

Article 48 – Rendering and publication of award

(1)The Tribunal shall decide questions by a majority of the votes of all its members.
(2)The award of the Tribunal shall be in writing and shall be signed by the members of the Tribunal who voted for it.
(3)The award shall deal with every question submitted to the Tribunal, and shall state the reasons upon which it is based.
(4)Any member of the Tribunal may attach his individual opinion to the award, whether he dissents from the majority or not, or a statement of his dissent.
(5)The Centre shall not publish the award without the consent of the parties.

Article 49 – Notification, amplification and correction of award

(1)The Secretary-General shall promptly dispatch certified copies of the award to the parties. The award shall be deemed to have been rendered on the date on which the certified copies were dispatched.
(2)The Tribunal upon the request of a party made within 45 days after the date on which the award was rendered may after notice to the other party decide any question which it had omitted to decide in the award, and shall rectify any clerical, arithmetical or similar error in the award. Its decision shall become part of the award and shall be notified to the parties in the same manner as the award. The periods of time provided for under paragraph (2) of Article 51 and paragraph (2) of Article 52 shall run from the date an which the decision was rendered.

Section 5 - Interpretation, revision and annulment of the award

Article 50 – Interpretation of award

(1)If any dispute shall arise between the parties as to the meaning or scope of an award, either party may request interpretation of the award by an application in writing addressed to the Secretary-General.
(2)The request shall, if possible, be submitted to the Tribunal which rendered the award. If this shall not be possible, a new Tribunal shall be constituted in accordance with section 2 of this Chapter. The Tribunal may, if it considers that the circumstances so require, stay enforcement of the award pending its decision.

Article 51 – Revision of award

(1)Either party may request revision of the award by an application in writing addressed to the Secretary-General on the ground of discovery of some fact of such a nature as decisively to affect the award, provided that when the award was rendered that fact was unknown to the Tribunal and to the applicant and that the applicant’s ignorance of that fact was not due to negligence.
(2)The application shall be made within 90 days after the discovery of such fact and in any event within three years after the date on which the award was rendered.
(3)The request shall, if possible, be submitted to the Tribunal which rendered the award. If this shall not be possible, a new Tribunal shall be constituted in accordance with section 2 of this Chapter.
(4)The Tribunal may, if it considers that the circumstances so require, stay enforcement of the award pending its decision. If the applicant requests stay of enforcement of the award in his application, enforcement shall be stayed provisionally until the Tribunal rules on such request.

Article 52 – Annulment of award

(1)Either party may request annulment of the award by an application in writing addressed to the Secretary-General on one or more of the following grounds:
(a)that the Tribunal was not properly constituted;
(b)that the Tribunal has manifestly exceeded its powers;
(c)that there was corruption on the part of a member of the Tribunal;
(d)that there has been a serious departure from a fundamental rule of procedure; or
(e)that the award has failed to state the reasons on which it is based.
(2)The application shall be made within 120 days after the date on which the award was rendered except that when annulment is requested on the ground of corruption such application shall be made within 120 days after discovery of the corruption and in any event within three years after the date on which the award was rendered.
(3)On receipt of the request the Chairman shall forthwith appoint from the Panel of Arbitrators an ad hoc Committee of three persons. None of the members of the Committee shall have been a member of the Tribunal which rendered the award, shall be of the same nationality as any such member, shall be a national of the State party to the dispute or of the State whose national is a party to the dispute, shall have been designated to the Panel of Arbitrators by either of those States, or shall have acted as a conciliator in the same dispute. The Committee shall have the authority to annul the award or any part thereof on any of the grounds set forth in paragraph (1).
(4)The provisions of Articles 41-45, 48, 49, 53 and 54, and of Chapters VI and VII shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to proceedings before the Committee.
(5)The Committee may, if it considers that circumstances so require, stay enforcement of the award pending its decision. If the applicant requests a stay of enforcement of the award in his application, enforcement shall be stayed provisionally until the Committee rules on such request.
(6)If the award is annulled the dispute shall, at the request of either party, be submitted to a new Tribunal constituted in accordance with section 2 of this Chapter.

Section 6 - Recognition and enforcement of the award

Article 53 – Binding effect of award

(1)The award shall be binding on the parties and shall not be subject to any appeal or to any other remedy except those provided for in this Convention. Each party shall abide by and comply with the terms of the award except to the extent that enforcement shall have been stayed pursuant to the relevant provisions of this Convention.
(2)For the purposes of this section, “award” shall include any decision interpreting, revising or annulling such award pursuant to Articles 50, 51 or 52.

Article 54 – Recognition and enforcement of award

(1)Each Contracting State shall recognize an award rendered pursuant to this Convention as binding and enforce the pecuniary obligations imposed by that award within its territories as if it were a final judgment of a court in that State. A Contracting State with a federal constitution may enforce such an award as if it were a final judgment of the courts of a constituent State.
(2)A party seeking recognition or enforcement in the territories of a Contracting State shall furnish to a competent court or other authority which such State shall have designated for this purpose a copy of the award certified by the Secretary-General. Each Contracting State shall notify the Secretary-General of the designation of the competent court or other authority for this purpose and of any subsequent change in such designation.
(3)Execution of the award shall be governed by the laws concerning the execution of judgments in force in the State in whose territories such execution is sought.

Article 55 – Reservation of State immunity

Nothing in Article 54 shall be construed as derogating from the law in force in any Contracting State relating to immunity of that State or of any foreign State from execution.

Chapter V
Replacement and disqualification of conciliators and arbitrators

Article 56 – Death, resignation or vacation of office of conciliator or arbitrator

(1)After a Commission or a Tribunal has been constituted and proceedings have begun, its composition shall remain unchanged; provided, however, that if a conciliator or an arbitrator should die, become incapacitated, or resign, the resulting vacancy shall be filled in accordance with the provisions of section 2 of Chapter III or section 2 of Chapter IV.
(2)A member of the Commission or Tribunal shall continue to serve in that capacity notwithstanding that he shall have ceased to be a member of the Panel.
(3)If a conciliator or arbitrator appointed by a party shall have resigned without the consent of the Commission or Tribunal of which he was a member, the chairman shall appoint a person from the appropriate Panel to fill the resulting vacancy.

Article 57 – Disqualification of conciliator or arbitrator

A party may propose to a Commission or Tribunal the disqualification of any of its members on account of any fact indicating a manifest lack of the qualities required by paragraph (1) of Article 14. A party to arbitration proceedings may, in addition, propose the disqualification of an arbitrator on the ground that he was ineligible for appointment to the Tribunal under section 2 of Chapter IV.

Article 58 – Decision on disqualification and replacement of disqualified conciliator or arbitrator

The decision on any proposal to disqualify a conciliator or arbitrator shall be taken by the other members of the Commission or Tribunal as the case may be, provided that where those members are equally divided, or in the case of a proposal to disqualify a sole conciliator or arbitrator, or a majority of the conciliators or arbitrators, the Chairman shall take that decision. If it is decided that the proposal is well founded the conciliator or arbitrator to whom the decision relates shall be replaced in accordance with the provisions of section 2 of Chapter III or section 2 of Chapter IV.

Chapter VI
Cost of proceedings

Article 59 – Charges for use of Centre’s facilities

The charges payable by the parties for the use of the facilities of the Centre shall be determined by the Secretary-General in accordance with regulations adopted by the Administrative Council.

Article 60 – Determination of fees of conciliators and arbitrators

(1)Each Commission and each Tribunal shall determine the fees and expenses of its members within limits established from time to time by the Administrative Council and after consultation with the Secretary-General.
(2)Nothing in paragraph (1) of this Article shall preclude the parties from agreeing in advance with the Commission or Tribunal concerned upon the fees and expenses of its members.

Article 61 – Liability for payment of fees of conciliators and arbitrators

(1)In the case of conciliation proceedings the fees and expenses of members of the Commission as well as the charges for the use of the facilities of the Centre, shall be borne equally by the parties. Each party shall bear any other expenses it incurs in connection with the proceedings.
(2)In the case of arbitration proceedings the Tribunal shall, except as the parties otherwise agree, assess the expenses incurred by the parties in connection with the proceedings, and shall decide how and by whom those expenses, the fees and expenses of the members of the Tribunal and the charges for the use of the facilities of the Centre shall be paid. Such decision shall form part of the award.

Chapter VII
Place of proceedings

Article 62 – Normal venue of conciliation and arbitration proceedings

Conciliation and arbitration proceedings shall be held at the seat of the Centre except as hereinafter provided.

Article 63 – Venue of conciliation and arbitration proceedings in special cases

Conciliation and arbitration proceedings nay be held, if the parties so agree—
(a)at the seat of the Permanent Court of Arbitration or of any other appropriate institution, whether private or public, with which the Centre may make arrangements for that purpose; or
(b)to any other place approved by the Commission or Tribunal after consultation with the Secretary-General.

Chapter VIII
Disputes between Contracting States

Article 64 – Reference of disputes to International Court of Justice

Any dispute arising between Contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall be referred to the International Court of Justice by the application of any party to such dispute, unless the States concerned agree to another method of settlement.

Chapter IX
Amendment

Article 65 – Proposals for amendment of Convention

Any Contracting State may propose amendment of this Convention. The text of a proposed amendment shall be communicated to the Secretary-General not less than 90 days prior to the meeting of the Administrative Council at which such amendment is to be considered and shall forthwith be transmitted by him to all the members of the Administrative Council.

Article 66 – Adoption and effect of amendment

(1)If the Administrative Council shall so decide by a majority of two-thirds of its members, the proposed amendment shall be circulated to all Contracting States for ratification, acceptance or approval. Each amendment shall enter into force 30 days after dispatch by the depositary of this Convention of a notification to Contracting States that all Contracting States have ratified, accepted or approved the amendment.
(2)No amendment shall affect the rights and obligations under this Convention of any Contracting State or of any of its Constituent subdivisions or agencies or of any national of such State arising out of consent to the jurisdiction of the Centre given before the date of entry into force of the amendment.

Chapter X
Final provisions

Article 67 – Signing of Convention

This Convention shall be open for signature on behalf of States members of the Bank. It shall also be open for signature on behalf of any other State which is a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice and which the Administrative Council, by a vote of two-thirds of its members, shall have invited to the Convention.

Article 68 – Adoption and entry into force of Convention

(1)This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.
(2)This Convention shall enter into force 30 days after the date of deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval. It shall enter into force for each State which subsequently deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval 30 days after the date of such deposit.

Article 69 – Implementation of Convention by Contracting States

Each Contracting State shall take legislative or other measures as may be necessary for making the provisions of this Convention effective in its territories.

Article 70 – Application of Convention to dependent territories

This Convention shall apply to all territories for whose international relations a Contracting State is responsible, except those which are excluded by such State by written notice to the depositary of this Convention either at the time of ratification, acceptance or approval or subsequently.

Article 71 – Denunciation of Convention

Any Contracting State may denounce this Convention by written notice to the depositary of the Convention. The denunciation shall take effect six months after receipt of such notice.

Article 72 – Saving of obligations incurred prior to notice of exclusion or denunciation

Notice by a Contracting State pursuant to Article 70 or 71 shall not affect the rights or obligations under this Convention of that State or of any of its constituent subdivisions or agencies or of any national of that State arising out of consent to the jurisdiction of the Centre given by one of them before such notice was received the depositary.

Article 73 – Deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval

Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of this Convention and of amendments thereto shall be deposited with the Bank which shall act as the depositary of this Convention. The depositary shall transmit certified copies of this Convention to States members of the Bank and to any other State invited to sign the Convention.

Article 74 – Registration of Convention

The depositary shall register this Convention with the Secretariat of the United Nations in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Regulations thereunder adopted by the General Assembly.

Article 75 – Notification to Contracting States of adoptions, exclusions, denunciations, etc.

The depositary shall notify all signatory States of the following—
(a)signatures in accordance with Article 67;
(b)deposits of instruments of ratification, acceptance and approval in accordance with Article 73;
(c)the date on which this Convention enters into force in accordance with Article 68;
(d)exclusions from territorial application pursuant to Article 70;
(e)the date on which any amendment of this convention enters into force in accordance with Article 66; and
(f)denunciations in accordance with Article 71.
DONE at Washington in the English, French and Spanish languages, all three texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall remain deposited in the archives of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which has indicated by its signature below its agreement to fulfil the functions with which it is charged under this Convention.
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History of this document

31 December 2016 this version
Consolidation
08 December 1995
Commenced